Xiaoshaning's Hearsay

C-130大力神运输机

In Greek mythology, Hercules rose to an unthinkable level of performance and mastered the twelve tasks placed before him. He tapped an inner strength and achieved a level of greatness that set the performance standard. In 1951, the United States Air Force challenged the civilian aviation development industry to design an aircraft that could do exactly that: achieve a level of performance excellence, allowing it to overcome virtually any operational challenge. Their list of performance requirements was long. Feature highlights called for a rugged medium range transport capable of carrying a 30,000 lb payload of troops or equipment over distances reaching 1,500 nautical miles and with the ability to operate safely from short unimproved surfaces. 
在希腊神话中，大力神神勇无比，完成了12项英雄伟绩被升为了武仙座。他拥有着强大的力量并用它取得了伟大的成绩。1951年，美国空军向民用航空公司发出招标需要他们设计一种飞行器，那就是在任何情况下能够出色的完成任务。这份要求的清单很长，它的突出特点就是该机能够能够作短距离野战跑道起降，并能够把有效载荷30000磅的军队或装备投送到1500海里作战半径范围内。

The C-130 Hercules primarily performs the intratheater portion of the airlift mission. The aircraft is capable of operating from rough, dirt strips and is the prime transport for paradropping troops and equipment into hostile areas. Basic and specialized versions perform a diversity of roles, including airlift support, DEW Line and Arctic ice resupply, aeromedical missions, aerial spray missions, fire-fighting duties for the US Forest Service, and natural disaster relief missions. With the end of the Cold War, they have also been used to bring humanitarian relief to many countries, including Haiti, Bosnia, Somalia, and Rwanda.

C-130运输机的首要任务就是战区内的物资运输。它必须能够在简易机场上起降并把军队和装备运送到敌控区。它在各个领域扮演着不同的角色，包括空投物资，远程预警、对北冰洋的物资补给、航空医学研究、美国森林消防和地质灾害救援。冷战结束后，被广泛应用于人道主义救援,例如：海地、波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达。

Over four decades have elapsed since the Air Force issued its original design specification, yet the remarkable C-130 remains in production. The turbo-prop, high-wing, versatile “Herc” has accumulated over 20 million flight hours. It is the preferred transport aircraft for many US Government services and over 60 foreign countries. The basic airframe has been modified to hundreds of different configurations to meet an ever-changing environment and mission requirement. The C-130 Hercules has unsurpassed versatility, performance, and mission effectiveness. 
经过40多年的时间，美国空军公布了其原始的设计图，而性能卓越的C-130至今还在生产着。它采用的四发涡轮增压发动机、高单翼和尾部大型货仓设计使其已经累积飞行时间已经超过2000万小时，是美国和超过60个国家的首选运输机。为了满足不断变化的环境和任务要求其后续改良型号多达100多种。C-130有着卓越的性能，广泛的用途和高超的效率。

The Hercules has been touted as one of, if not the most versatile tactical transport aircraft ever built. Its uses appear almost limitless: transportation, electronic surveillance, search and rescue, space-capsule recovery, helicopter refueling, landing (with skis) on snow and ice, gun ship and special cargo delivery. It has even landed and taken off from a carrier deck without benefit of arresting gear or catapults. 
“大力神”被人们津津乐道并不是它只能作为运输机这一项。它的应用范围几乎没有什么限制例如：空运、电子侦查、搜索与营救，登月舱回收、为直升机空中加油、冰地起降、武装运输机和特殊货物的投递。它甚至能够使用弹射器和没有制动装置的甲板上起降。

A number of military operators use the civilian version of the Hercules, which bears the Lockheed designation L-100. Certificated in February 1965, the basic L-100 was broadly equivalent to the C-130E, without pylon tanks or military equipment. The L-100-20 was given plugs fore (5 feet/1.5m) and aft (3.3 feet/1m) of the wing. The L-100-30 has a full 15-foot (4.6m) fuselage stretch. 
许多军事运营商使用的版本就是洛克希德公司设计的L-100飞机。有证据表明在1965年的二月，L-100和C-130E的区别就是少了炮塔和军事设备。L-100-20的前沿跳出（5英尺/1.5米）和机翼长加长（3.3英尺/1米）。L-100-30有15英尺（4.6米）的机身。

The C-130 design employs a cargo floor at truck-bed height above the ground, an integral “roll on/roll off” rear loading ramp, and an unobstructed, fully-pressurized cargo hold which can rapidly be reconfigured for the carriage of troops, stretchers or passengers. The Hercules can also be committed for airdrops of troops or equipment and for LAPES (Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System) delivery of heavy cargoes. 
C-130的设计采用的轮渡式货舱甲板，它离地有一层楼房的高度，可以畅通无阻的搬运货物。这样一个密封的货物舱可以更好更快的运送军队、医护队或者乘客。大力神飞机可以空投军队或者重型装备。

Rollers in the floor of the cargo compartment enable quick and easy handling of cargo pallets and can be removed to leave a flat surface, if needed. Five 463L pallets (plus a ramp pallet for baggage) may be loaded onto the aircraft through the hydraulically-operated main loading ramp/door assembly located in the rear of the aircraft. The ramp can also be lowered to the ground for loading and unloading of wheeled vehicles. Tie-down fittings for securing cargo are located throughout the compartment. 
飞机货舱甲板上有着滑轮可以更好使货物移动到路面。5个463L货盘（加上一个渐变托盘）通过飞机上的液压加载使装载坡台成为机身舱门。在地面时又是一个很好的装货坡道。紧固件贯穿于整个货舱可以有效的固定货物。

In its personnel carrier role, the C-130 can accommodate up to 92 combat troops or 64 fully-equipped paratroopers on side-facing, webbed seats. For aeromedical evacuations, it can carry 74 litter patients and two medical attendants. 
在人员运送时，可以运送92名步兵或64名全副武装的伞兵时。在撤离伤员时，可以搭载74名患者和2名医生。

Three primary methods of aerial delivery are used for equipment or supplies. In the first, parachutes pull the load, weighing up to 42,000 pounds (19,000kg), from the aircraft. When the load is clear of the plane, cargo parachutes deploy and lower the load to the ground. 
设备空投主要有三种方法。第一种，中空普通伞投，通过降落伞投放那些重量超过42000镑（19000公斤）。当货物离开飞机后，降落伞打开并使货物着地。

The second method, called the Container Delivery System (CDS), uses the force of gravity to pull from one to 16 bundles of supplies from the aircraft. When the bundles, weighing up to 2,200 pounds (1000kg) each, are out of the aircraft, parachutes deploy and lower them to the ground. 
第二种方法，叫做货盘递送系统，当包裹的重量达到2200镑（1000公斤）时，飞机依次投下16个包裹，包裹在重力作用下依次离开飞机一段距离后打开降落伞并着陆。

LAPES is the third aerial delivery method. With LAPES, up to 38,000 pounds (17,000kg) of cargo is pulled from the aircraft by large cargo parachutes while the aircraft is 5 to 10 feet (3m) above the ground. The load then slides to a stop within a very short distance. 
第三种方法是低空伞投系统。当货物达到38000镑（17000公斤）时，空投时飞机在离地5至10英寸（3米）高度货物由一个导引伞拉出机舱并在并在非常短的距离下滑行停下.

相关链接： 

http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/man/uswpns/air/cargo/c130.html  C130详细介绍

http://news.tom.com/2010-10-09/OKVF/46743350.html  美国拟对华出售C-130运输机 国会尚未批准

Tags: C-130 Hercules, c-130运输机